Ministers Overestimated Public Enthusiasm For Heat Pumps–NAO
March 18, 2024
By Paul Homewood
How may years has it taken to work this out?
From The Telegraph:
https://digitaleditions.telegraph.co.uk/data/1642/reader/reader.html
The role of the NAO is:
To examine and report on the value for money of how public money has been spent.
Surely then they should be advising the government to immediately cancel these £7500 subsidies, as they are having no overall effect, in terms of hitting the targets. Nor can they can in any way be justified as a proper use of taxpayers’ money.
And instead of wittering on about raising public awareness, why don’t they face up to the reality that the public have no interest at all in heat pumps.
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NOT A LOT OF PEOPLE KNOW THAT 
Government expects public enthusiasm for their dictates?
warned the Government had done far too little to make people aware of alternatives to boilers
He also warned the cost of heat pumps far outstripped the cost of boilers.
Cognitive dissonance. In a public official.
Climate targets are a ridiculous load of bull anyway. It’s way past time this ‘man made nonsense was swept away and consigned to where it belongs, the garbage bin!
Excellent news! The British public is doing the “sulky teenager” thing. And, as every parent knows, it usually works. I loved Harry Enfield as Kevin the Teenager. Tasked with washing the family car he agrees extremely reluctantly, and his parents watch from the window. “Is he doing anything with the car?” “Yes, he’s asleep on it!”
OK, call me that old, uncharitable Grim Reaper bloke.
But personally, I suggest that His Majesty’s Secretary of State for Zero Energy Security, the no doubt ‘fragrant’ Ms. Coutinho, should be personally charged £7,500 for each bribe she hands out to the virtue-signalling deluded.
I can’t see why rational people who recognise a HMG scam when they see one, should be forced to pay more taxes, or see their savings eroded by rampant money printing, because no-one, ever, is held to account.
” … because no-one, ever, is held to account.“
And that’s the point about public life in the UK in 2024.
Nobody is ever held to account.
Let me list a few of the failures –
Heat pumps;
Green madness, thinking one year’s wind readings will be ‘good enough’;
Our ‘newly discovered’ need for gas power stations – to keep the lights on;
The Post Office – Horizon horrendous miscarriage of justice [and Fujitsu’s rank incompetence and silence, matched by politicians!];
So many Defence procurement horror stories [aircraft carriers with no catapults; Ajax vehicles with no date in service, etc.];
Grenfell Tower and the highly flammable ‘cladding’ mandated by [Labour] Government;
The ‘Mortgage Prisoners’ after the Great Crash of 2008 – still paying far too much for their mortgages, but unable to move;
The Rochdale ‘grooming’ scandal where dozens of pedophiles – not all Anglo-Saxon, it seems – were allowed to continue raping children – in case someone felt it might be ray-sist to stop it;
The continued failure of the mighty Government machine to slow immigration – or even count how many come in – 745,000, nett, for 2022;
The astonishing state of local government in England [probably S, W and NI too ….] – exhibit one – Croydon, which went ‘bankrupt’ owing £1,500 million. One borough – a billion and a half; and the report into the possible errors was ‘sat on’ for two years;
The National Air Traffic Control System – failed at Bank Holiday … and nobody in the Office to fix it;
Unis are a debt trap for many kids who attend – believing that a degree [they’re all ‘First Class Honours’ nowadays] in golf course management, bicycle repair and International Business will see them in the top decile of earners by their 24th birthday;
We don’t have enough prisons – they’re releasing felons early, as there are insufficient cells;
The South East is short of water, we’re told – but no reservoir has been built since the 1970s, and there are not even plans to bring water down from the [wetter] North and West.
Other readers here will, I feel sure, be able to add handfuls more.
Our country is going rapidly down the pan. I am emphatically not holding my breath in case Sir Charisma Bypass – the Beige Knight – Angi, and their Merrie People get to fix it within 60 seconds of kissing the King’s Hands.
Could they be worse than Little Rishi?
I fear so ….
Are there folk behind at least some of this institutionalised ineptitude?
Again, I fear so ….
Auto
Worth remembering that the civil nuclear power programme having been signed off in 1952, construction of Calder Hall, the World’s first grid scale nuclear power station, commenced in 1953, was carried out by Taylor Woodrow Construction and was officially opened on 17 October 1956, all done using 1950s technology and construction techniques.
The station was closed on 31 March 2003, the first reactor having been in use for nearly 47 years.
So what has gone wrong?
In the 1950s and 1960s Britain built the World’s fastest motorcycles – Vincents, the fastest production cars – Jaguar XK and Aston Martin, held the land and water speed records – Campbell’s Bluebirds, air speed record – the Fairey Delta 2, fastest interceptor – English Electric Lightning, built the first convincing SVTOL strike aircraft – the Hawker Harrier*. almost complete was the Miles M52 which was a proper Mach 1+ jet capable of sustained supersonic flight, the first ever plane designed with an afterburner, scrapped and the technology given to Bell who used it to make a whiz-bang rocket plane, and sold state-of-the-art combat planes such as the Hunter and Canberra, and armour such as the Centurion tank all around the World.
We built the first grid scale nuclear power station – Calder Hall from inception in 1952 to official opening on 17 October 1956 using 1950s technology, it closed on 31 March 2003, the first reactor having been in use for nearly 47 years.
It’s called “managed decline”, a result of inter alia Soviet inspired Trade Union Socialism and Corporate Socialism – Benito Mussolini’s favoured synonym for Fascism, the bedrock of the EU.
It is all intentional of course, essentially we won the war, and could not be permitted to win the peace.
* Its successor the Hawker P1154, a Mach 2 capable version almost reached prototype level before it was scrapped fifty years ago, now we have ended up with an inferior airplane – the F35.
And there was the Armstrong Whitworth 681, a four engined swept wing SVTOL transport using four Pegasus engines, perfect for intercity transport…
https://www.militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.php?aircraft_id=1941
Does anyone know how you can access the grant scheme to self-install a heatpump system? It seems you can only access the grants via an over-pricing ripoff registered installer who basically just pockets the grant.
That’s a very good point. I have personally installed several gas combi boiler systems and then just paid a Gas Safe registered engineer to make the final gas connection and boiler emissions test. Similarly I have mostly rewired homes and had a suitably qualified electrician make final connection and testing. This is all perfectly legal, safe and ,of course, much cheaper.
Aside from the electrical connection there is no other significant safety issue with heat pump installations. A good level “diyer” should be capable of all the non electrical connecting and system install. However you expressly cannot claim any grants and I would lay good money that no registered installer would simply test and sign off a diy job however good it was.
Whilst MPs, civil servants, government advisers, quango employees et alia may all be either “on the take” or as thick as mince, the general public are far more savvy than given credit for.
Anyone who looks even cursorily at the subject will see heat pumps are not a viable option for the vast majority of existing homes.
Forced into a detour yesterday, I drove through miles of terraced housing back streets. None of them could have accommodated heat pumps satisfactorily, none of them had dedicated parking for EV charging and, looking at the aged infrastructure, all of them would have required rewiring back to the nearest substation to take the increased loads anyway!
Heat pumps are simply not going to be taken up on any large scale in the forseeable future. The public can see that, the government simply doesn’t want to.
Is it surprising? Heat pumps cost many thousands, use lots of electricity, may require larger radiators and other plumbing changes, and don’t keep your house warm unless it’s a modern well insulated property. Yet another triumph of theory over practicality like stupid battery cars which the public aren’t going for either. And all to solve a non-existent problem called ‘climate change’.
Roger Bisby at Skill Builder (You Tube) is doing a project to rip out a badly installed heat pump which is seemingly decades old and replace it with a new system guaranteed to work by an organisation called Heat Geeks.
The original systems was badly installed originally then butchered by various heating companies over the years to make it work, but they just made it worse.
All the Heat Geek guys are extremely knowledgeable and very technical. They understand what’s been causing problems (The Air Source Heat Pump not being mounted on a suitable concrete base for one) and have designed the system carefully using high quality components they selected from the marketplace. So a very custom installation I have no doubt will work.
The problem is, of course, most heating engineers/plumbers don’t have, and can’t be bothered getting educated and are normally going to their usual supplier like Screwfix to buy a boiler/heat pump.
They may, like our heating engineers, be ‘approved’ by a particular manufacturer so receive favourable deals for installing their products over something custom or more suitable.
The upshot is that most heat pump installations will fall short of expectations because plumbers/heating engineers don’t have, and won’t get the intimate knowledge to design suitable systems. They will prefer to put food on the table by getting the quickest, cheapest systems their customers demand and they just won’t work.
It’s like all the other government promoted failures like double glazing, cavity wall insulation and solar panels, it will attract cowboy tradesmen like flies round sh*t.
It will wind up as a gigantic VW emissions scandal and the taxpayer will foot the bill as usual.
“They will prefer to put food on the table by getting the quickest, cheapest systems their customers demand and they just won’t work.”
Surely that is the problem inherent with the deficiencies of heat pump systems not the installers. It really doesn’t make any difference which make of combi or system boiler you opt for as long as it has a sufficiently high power output. That changing to a heat pump is problematic requiring major system alterations is the inadequacy of the system not the fitter.
Indeed, my son, CIBSE and Gas Safe tells people the facts of life (for which they are grateful!).
https://skill-builder.uk/bbc-radio-2-on-air-source-heat-pumps
Extraordinary BS and gobbledygook from heat pump fanatic, huffing and puffing and usual intimidation tactics. Jeremy Vine has no idea of course as one might expect from an English 2:2 from Hatfield College (Durham University).
The information is on line, SCOP 4.16 (from February in a mild winter). Quote yesterday from Octopus electricity v gas 4.24 (25.29/5.97), so more expensive fuel bills at the most favourable time of year. Recent research indicates SCOP of below 3.0 annually on average. House owner has kept gas boiler (just in case, good decision!).
https://skill-builder.uk/heatgeek
12kW ASHP output v 20kW heating and 25kW hot water from small gas combi, plus insulation, plus hot water cylinder, plus, plus plus ….
“So a very custom installation I have no doubt will work.”
Good luck then when you need to get this “very custom installation” repaired or serviced and Heat Geeks have gone out of business
And increasingly, HotScot, it is beginning to look as if virtually every installation is going to have to be close on “custom built”.
I’m no heating expert but the vibes I’m getting are that while a gas boiler is a gas boiler is a gas boiler and the only adjustment is the output power to cater for size of dwelling the environmental situation of each house will dictate how efficient a heat pump will be.
And that’s before we even start on the practicalities of heating multi-storey buildings!
“So a very custom installation I have no doubt will work….The upshot is that most heat pump installations will fall short of expectations because plumbers/heating engineers don’t have, and won’t get the intimate knowledge to design suitable systems.”
Can you give 3 design types which affect a successful installation? The very fact that it is so complicated requiring a custom installation shows that the technology simply does not work. This is in adition to the CoP dropping as the outside temperature drops and hence more heat is required and I still await an explanation as to how the old and infirm are expected to clear snow off the unit. Plus the easy theft of the unit which cannot be insured as it exterior to the house.
The only way to persuade the public to purchase heat pumps will be to use the Communist technique of simply cutting off the gas. Or the improvement of the technology such as the use of an isothermal Stirling heat pump.
Enfield Council retrofitted 10 council houses to an EPC rating of B.
https://www.enfield.gov.uk/news-and-events/2023/05/haselbury-homes-become-models-of-sustainability
I investigated and discovered that the amount spent was £1,227,000. You can do the sums. I’ll accept that some was R&D and lessons learned could lead to economies of scale. I know little about ‘Bowlie VentBox’ ventilation (30% of costs under Mechanical and Electrical) but am fairly aware of traditional costs including ASHPs (I’m a plumber and surveyor). So I concentrated on the costs of ‘preliminaries, safety and scaffolding’ which were 15%. I imagine preliminaries and safety were fairly basic and a foreman would tick the box so it worked out that each house was costing £18,400. I asked a local builder for scaffolding estimates and was told £2,000. I approached Enfield Council for a breakdown via a FOI. I was told that my request was denied under Section 43 (2) of the FOI act as it was “commercially sensitive”. No one cares and the amount is small in borough council terms but a million here and a million there – soon you’re talking about real money.
The NAO figures for heat pump installs are all wrong anyway being way under the real world total costs.
Here is BBC article with punters “showing off” their ecohomes. There is a picture of a heat pump hot water cylinder (that you simply don’t have with a combi boiler) that runs out at nearly £1,100, on its own. Conversely you can buy a combi boiler for barely half that price no separate tanks, pumps, valves, electrics, interconnecting pipes, immersion heaters nor extra space required.
Real world experience from near neighbours indicates £25K Plus for a full heat pump installation against £2.5K for a boiler swap out.
Just heard on GBN that the government has released its policy for flying taxis with a plan to have them in use by 2030. Hard to know where to start on this….
A bit off topic the same bulletin said that there has been a new volcanic eruption in Iceland. They quoted the Met Office as saying there was a lot of magma stored up in the ground. Err….since when did the Met Office become vulcanologists? It’s not as if they are doing their day job competently.
Haha. Govt statement’; The economy is stuffed and society disintegrating but look over here – we have a flying taxi policy, and here are our Moonbase plans for 2028, oh and our plans for a perpetual motion machine, and here’s the committee to farm flying pigs …
Birds love wind turbines apparently and hate oil and gas Wells.
Wind turbines are friendlier to birds than oil-and-gas drilling
https://www.livemint.com/technology/wind-turbines-are-friendlier-to-birds-than-oil-and-gas-drilling-11710412446796.html
Ray – I changed my 2 boilers last March. Obviously I investigated ASHPs but for efficiency I would need to change every rad (22) and the necessary redecoration but here’s the kicker. My house was built to a ‘luxury standard’ in 1994. It has an EPC rating of D (I did it myself when I was assessing EPCs). I guess it might be a C with new boilers now. The point is that old houses with solid walls will always struggle on the insulation front. Enfield have very few ‘B’ rated properties and as for the gold star rated ‘A’ you can count them on one hand. The highest I ever reached was a ‘B’ in my EPC assessments and that would be a mid-block flat in a modern building and they would be almost impossible to retrofit to ASHPs (I once did a 2 year sentence of trivia & misery – I did block management)
My estimate for an ASHP was closer to £50k taking everything into account and let’s face it. Electricity isn’t gonna be the cheap fuel they promised.
I agree entirely but I shall now astonish you! I bought a 2 hundred year old semi oast house conversion in August 2021 as a buy to let. Solid walls and floors with no insulation to speak of but it already had an EPC rating of C. The agents for the previous owners must have “bought” their certificate a bit like you could once “buy” MOTs!
I sold the property in April 2023 for just shy of double the purchase price – easy money. The new owners were genuinely impressed with its efficiency rating. If only they knew what goes on in the real world.
”The Goals”. “Hitting the targets”. What goals? What are the targets? Can someday explain using some numbers? Otherwise the whole thing is a dishonest criminal scam for which officials should be charged and prosecuted. Start with AVIATION. One of my acquaintances said ‘biofuels’ and got quite upset when I called him an ignorant idiot.
off topic… Rowlatt getting into a quandry about sea mining for metals. The high-seas drama over an ocean treasure trove – BBC News Greenpeace against it, but these metals are needed for batteries….. Also shows Greenpeace aim to bring us back to stone age given that they theoretically want us to give up fossil fuel yet are against a simple way of getting the metals. BBC news running with the associated video every hour.
I had the misfortune to see that, how is it allowed for a BBC “journalist” to act as a cheerleader for a particular technology?
To install a heat pump all the hotwater pipes in my house would have to be ripped out as they are small bore. Widespread in houses of the 1980s period. The repairs to the walls etc would be horrific.
Also a lot of furniture etc would have to go into storage. My disabled wife would have to go into a care home as she sleeps in what was the dining room.
I suspect there are many others in the same situation.
Why are the politicians so stupid?
There are too many videos out there, of heat pumps not working.
Some people were taken to the cleaners, with failing systems.
R
A colleague (high energy physicist) bought a roof hot water system, when they were all the rage, to do hot water and winter heating. Stupidly, he took out his gas system.
After two years with no heat, his wife divorced him.
So his all renewable system (he was a Greeney), cost him over a million pounds – in 1990s money.
R
Nearly 6 million households in England and Wales are terraced. Even though a similar number are detached and about 8 million are semi-detached a proportion of these would be unsuitable for retrofitting whether because of solid walls or simply reasons of cost
What stands out to me is that after 40 years of incessant propaganda about “climate change”, the people recognise that ASHPs and EVs are junk technology, i.e. not suited to their lifestyles or properties. Sadly,, our elite rulers cannot recognise the facts staring them in the face.
“It’s worse than we thought!”
They are actually not suited for Net Zero, either. They require electricity. With fossil-fuels banned, there won’t be electricity, either. You can virtue signal today, but you will have to turn them off by 2050.
Net Zero isn’t an inconvenience; it is death.
The government needs to use a few fag packet calculations before introducing their idiotic CC policies. Are there ANY STEM politicians who are capable of making such calculations? It appears not.
The low voltage single phase electricity distribution from last sub station to property was typically sized to handle a simultaneous power draw of about 2kW as a maximum. (It is generally termed “Lighting plus”.) Homes may have up to 100 amp fuses but not many can simultaneously draw that much.
Of course at present most homes do not simultaneously draw that much power even at peak times as many are unoccupied, not consuming or, most importantly, using other energy sources. Gas supplies are set up to restrict maximum draw per household at about 42kW , which is why you cannot readily get gas boilers more powerful than that.
It is not difficult to realise that switching everyone to simultaneously using heat pumps, electric cooking, EV chargers and removing all gas appliance simply will not work absent rebuilding upwards of 80% of the entire system.
How many £trillions have we not got to blow on this?
“…2kW as a maximum…”
I think you mean 24 kW.
100 Amps x 240 Volts = 24,000 W.
No Dave if you re read my post you will see I used the term “simultaneously” very frequently. Yes in theory you can draw high power on a domestic supply BUT not EVERYONE connected to the same phase from the last sub station can do that simultaneously. The main cabling is not sized to do that and can normally only handle about 2kW.
By the way I do know what I am talking about as this has been part of my lifetime’s profession. I also know that mains supply is actually 230V+10/-6% and NOT 240 volts.
Have a read
Whatever happened to going over to the CEGB at FA Cup Final half time to see how many people had put the kettle on? Good old days!
Several years ago the cost was put at c £60bn,. Much more now.
Conversation between a rep of v2g and a Doctor of Engineering at Southampton University
https://v2g.co.uk/2021/05/electric-vehicles-as-energy-smart-appliances/
Ray:
Yes, I misunderstood your point. I thought you meant the individual house capacities were a problem. THE problem, of course, that the ENTIRE electricity-supply system of the country is totally inadequate for what the Government intends. So I am not quite sure why the sub-stations’ final distribution should be singled out as being a special bottleneck.
For the present, the National Grid can easily cope with incremental numbers of households going down the road of EV charging, Heat pump installation, etc. Not least, because domestic consumption of electricity is down 20% over the last fifteen years and, at least theoretically, this gives some leeway. Their official website says they are perfectly happy with any customer using 80 amps at 230 volts which is a draw of 18.4 kW. That is not quite the same as saying they would be happy should all 25 million domestic electricity meters start whirring round at that rate. Presumably, someone in 2030 will have to figure that one out – or fail to figure it out
As to the matter of 230 volts versus 240 volts, I always thought this a meaningless bit of European-unification bureaucrat-babble. As far as I know, when it “happened” officially in the U.K., in 2003, nobody in the generating stations actually said, “We are aiming 10 volts lower from now on!”
No dave, you still don’t seem to understand. Fistly this is a DNO issue and nothing concerning National Grid who only operate the high voltage transmission network. Up to 200 homes have been routinely connected to lines operating at a maximum of 300kW. supply. If just a quarter of those homes simultaneously try to connect to a 7kW EV charger (regardless of anyone else’ load) the system will trip.
Normally domestic loads are low and time variable. Converting to heat pumps creates an almost continuous and simultaneous load for each end user. 200 homes using a typical 6kW heat pump is quadruple the system’s capability so simply cannot work without every home’s supply being renewed.
“National Grid only operate the high-voltage transmission network.”
Actually, they seem to own Western Power Distribution, with over 8 million customers:
https://www.nationalgrid.co.uk/
It is all rather incestuous.
I have a simple yardstick, if in order to get someone to do something you have to bribe them, then it is obvious the either, what you want them to do is wrong, or, what you want them to do is of no benefit to them. Quality products that also save people money require ZERO subsidies, ZERO bribes, ZERO explanations as too quality and virtue. ASHP are prefect for new builds with plenty of insulation, triple glazing etc: but absolutely no good for a large percentage of the existing housing stock – the obvious solution therefore is too buy up the older housing stock, knock it down and build new, highly insulated homes fit for the 21st century- dependant on intermittent electricity which may mean that heating or hot water is not available when required, but at least you can feel good, cold but good.
I have stated before that they need to prove the ASHP’s are the future, simply take a pair of semi’s, insulate the pair to the highest standard, install a standard Combi system in house A, a ASHP in house B, and run them for twelve months – then compare the running costs including a 1/15th depreciation on the boiler and ASHP cost, this will give you proof positive that one or the other is cheaper. Obviously in a few years time when we are fully Nett Zero and electricity becomes a scare intermittent commodity we will have other issues with ASHP, but for now let’s proceed A or B.
“ASHP are prefect for new builds with plenty of insulation, triple glazing etc: but absolutely no good for a large percentage of the existing housing stock”
I hear this frequently but don’t understand. Will “plenty of insulation” not benefit a boiler? The mere fact/suggestion that heat pumps need “plenty of insulation” should be an indictment against them.
Och I’m not even going to bother commenting.. I pretty well agree with ALL the comment s above, otherwise I’ll be getting triggered, TRIGGERED, I say! TRIGGERED, I say! TRIGGERED, I say! TRIGGERED, I say! TRIGGERED, I say! all the way out into the field … and the bbc has the NERVE to ask us if we have been bothered by anything on their programs ……. TRIGGERED, I say! TRIGGERED, I say!
The man from the audit office says that “the Government had done far too little to make people aware of alternatives to boilers”
Any number of General Elections losers, over the years, say “we failed to explain our policies to the public”
Recently the outgoing Leader of the Welsh Assembly, Mr Drakeford, says “we could have done more to explain to people what we intended to do”
And on it goes; bigots such as I should always be respectful for advice from our distinguished politicians.
What about a different approach, could the politicians take advice from those that run our economy? In every operation there is always a ‘go-to’ guy, the experienced ones who sort out everyday problems at speed. They are rarely the best paid workers who the politicians engage with. An experienced plumber is unlikely to promote air heaters and a car mechanic would laugh at the idea of an EV. The bottom up approach would work far better, and silly ideas such as CO2 reduction would never become a money-wasting policy.
Invariably, we understood precisely their policies. So voted for the other candidate.
I’m a bit slow out of the blocks on this one but I sense that there is the makings of another book about how to sell unwanted, unaffordable or non viable products and services to the domestic consumer. Chapters can be set out to cover:-
The attempt to take VHF broadcast wave bands away from the public domain for sale elsewhere and replace with patchy DAB.
The installation of smart meters that can be controlled remotely by grid regulators .
The sale of vehicles with limited utility that are over-priced by the manufacturers.
The installation of domestic power collectors like p v panels on the roof .
There must be others that require the test. Your entries are welcome.
The test is failed where, to sell the product or service, it requires support from a third party which in this instance means the tax-payer . There is no such thing as anything being at the govt’s. expense.
It used to be remarkable to see what politicians would do with other peoples’ money.
On rooftop PV panels: I live in South Africa, where the average Johannesburg suburb gets 2 hours of power-out (load shedding) up to three times a day. Sometimes if the politically appointed power “engineers” aren’t on top of things, the blackouts can extend for hours, or even days. And now, whenever this happens in the South of Jo’burg, the water pumps ALSO stop. We have rooftop PV, that my wife paid for out of her savings, so we still have lights and internet – even if we are limited in how we can cook. But water? Most local supermarkets have a shelf of 5 -litre bottles of filtered (i.e. expensive) water, and we seem to need at least one every week!
This has got to be HOW cities die! First the postal system fails. Next, the policing system doesn’t work. Then the electricity, Then the water. And all through this, politicians (who DON’T suffer) are filling their pockets!
Thanks Russ. You are very gentle about the affect of corruption and the damage done to the supply to the electricity grid in S A.
I am surprised that the educated in S A are so long suffering but I guess that the political advantage of the majority is so secure that any progress out of the ‘chaos’ is speculative.
It’s another matter but why S A govt should cozy up to Putin’s lot needs some thought . Whether becoming beholden to China or Russia may only be a matter of time. I suppose that a failed democracy will be attracted by totalitarianism , at least as far as those seeking to remain in power are concerned.
My take on this aspect of the heat pump farce:
27 new gas boilers per 1 new heat pump in 2022 = ‘slower than planned’ – 🤣
To improve the plan, try removing ‘per year’ from the 600,000 per year heat pump target.